Executive functioning is a form of cognitive control, in which individuals utilize skills such as planning, prioritizing, impulse control, and other forms of cognition. Having control over these aspects of cognition allows an individual to coordinate different resources to achieve a goal. For individuals with executive dysfunction, however, there is a lacking of skills in one or several of these areas of cognition. People who struggle with executive functioning have the capability to improve their performance with practice, cognitive management strategies, and a supportive environment.
What does executive functioning involve?
- Directing one's attention --- prioritizing paying attention to one area; ability to shift focused attention between tasks
- Emotion regulation --- ability to work through persistent negative emotions
- Controlling impulses --- ability to regulate oneself in social situations in which it may be tempting to conduct impulsive behavior (i.e. speaking over others during a meeting)
- Use of working memory --- ability to keep track of many disparate pieces of information in order to complete a task/project
- Planning and organization --- ability to prioritize which tasks to complete within a certain period of time, follow a schedule, or figure out how to organize and obtain materials so that a project can be fully completed
- Self-monitoring --- ability to assess one's own progress and evaluate it alongside a standard
What are some signs of executive dysfunction?
- Chronic difficulties in multi-tasking
- Difficulty with planning and organization
- Impulsivity
- Difficulties with decision-making
- Chronic procrastination/low motivation
- Difficulty regaining focus after a distraction
What does seeking help for executive dysfunction look like?
- Therapy
- Attempt to uncover the underlying cause for problems with executive dysfunction can guide treatment plans and help shape clients' expectation for the future and a treatment timeline
- Identify triggers that lead to executive dysfunction --- it is possible that symptoms may worsen due to stress/fatigue; useful for determining proactive ways to manage potential triggers and what to do if those triggers are encountered
- Being mindful of thoughts and emotions --- aid people in noticing when their thoughts are influencing their behavior
- Develop a plan for managing executive dysfunction --- paper planners/checklists; assistive devices; digital reminders; and training in time management
- Communicate with loved ones --- individuals may feel that their thoughts can become overwhelming, and sharing their feelings with others can help with processing
How can an individual deal with executive dysfunction difficulties?
- Post reminders for task completion and organization in a location that is helpful for the client
- Figure out a time and thought organization system that works for the client's needs --- planners, digital apps, etc.
- Break tasks down into smaller component parts
- Take frequent breaks when working on particularly challenging/frustrating tasks
- Developing a routine
Here at Madrigal, we are committed to addressing executive dysfunction to reach your best potential.
*This information was adapted from Good Therapy. Click here to learn more information.*